Understanding the differences between pedal assist and electric bikes

When Is an E-Bike Not Considered a Bicycle?

 Not all electric bikes are legally classified as bicycles. To qualify as an Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle (EAPC), your bike must:

* Have pedals that can propel it

* Not exceed 15.5 mph (25 km/h) using motor power

* Have a motor with a continuous rated output no more than 250 watts

If your e-bike goes faster, has a more powerful motor, or lacks functional pedals, it’s legally classed as a moped or motorcycle. Having this classification makes it a requirement to;

Register and pay tax on the vehicle.

Have a valid provisional driving licence and complete your CBT test

Wear a motorcycle helmet that complies with British safety standards.

Have insurance, riding without insurance could lead to fines or even seizure of the bike by the police.

The two primary types of electric bikes— pedal-assist bikes (pedelecs) and throttle-controlled e-bikes —differ in how their electric motors engage, which significantly affects the riding experience, regulatory requirements, and intended use.

 Pedal-Assist Bikes (Pedelecs)

Pedal-assist bikes are designed to enhance your pedalling efforts rather than replace them. Here’s what makes them unique:

How They Work - The motor activates only when you pedal, providing a smooth and natural boost.

Rider Involvement - You must keep pedalling to receive assistance, promoting an active ride.

Battery Efficiency - Since the motor only runs while pedalling, battery usage is more efficient, potentially extending your range.

Legal Considerations - In many areas, pedal-assist bikes are treated the same as conventional bicycles but have a requirement of being 14 years old at a minimum.

Throttle-Controlled E-Bikes

Throttle-controlled e-bikes offer a different approach, letting you ride without pedalling at all:

How They Work - You engage the motor using a handlebar-mounted throttle, allowing the bike to accelerate even when you're not pedalling.

Rider Involvement - Minimal effort is required—ideal for those who want or need a motor-powered ride.

Battery Usage - Because the motor can operate independently of pedalling, it tends to consume more battery power, which can reduce your travel range.

Legal Considerations – You must have a valid license, insurance and tax to use